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The crater is one part of an 809,440-hectare World Heritage property that also holds Olduvai Gorge, the Laetoli footprints, Maasai pastoral communities and an unresolved argument about who conservation is for.

The Afar Depression in northeastern Ethiopia holds one of the deepest records of human origins anywhere, alongside a working salt trade, an acid hydrothermal field and a persistent lava lake. It is also a region the US, UK and Canadian governments currently advise against.

A Cairo tour operator introduces Egypt: its geography, the beliefs that raised the pyramids, and the country visitors meet today.

Mosi-oa-Tunya, walking safaris in the Luangwa, and a copper economy that built the cities: Zambia rewards travelers who slow down.

An inland delta that floods in the dry season, 4,500 rock paintings at Tsodilo, and a deliberate choice to keep tourism small and costly.

The world’s only coastal fog desert, rock engravings at /Ui-//aes, and a colonial history the country is still publicly reckoning with.

Kilimanjaro, the medieval trading ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani, and seven World Heritage sites across a country of mountain, plain and coast.

Nyungwe’s rainforest, primates at altitude, and four genocide memorial sites now on the World Heritage List: Rwanda asks to be understood, not only visited.

Mountain gorillas in Bwindi, the royal tombs at Kasubi, and forests that climb from the plains toward the snowline of the Rwenzori range.

The sacred hill at Ambohimanga, the limestone tsingy of the western dry forests, and an island whose story is human as well as natural.

Lake Malawi’s endemic cichlids, the rock art at Chongoni, and the sacred inselberg of Mulanje: a small country that rewards the unhurried.

Le Morne, where escaped slaves sheltered, and Aapravasi Ghat, where indenture began: an island carrying far more history than beach.

Fez after ten centuries of building, the earthen ksar at Ait Ben Haddou, and a country whose entire World Heritage record is architecture.

Carthage, the free-standing amphitheater at El Jem, and a whole island inscribed for the way people settled it: ten sites on a coast sold as a beach.

Cidade Velha was the first European town built in the tropics and a platform for the Atlantic trade in enslaved people. Creole culture began there.